Paullinia cupana
| Guaraná | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Sapindaceae |
| Genus: | Paullinia |
| Species: | P. cupana |
| Binomial name | |
| Paullinia cupana | |
Guaraná (/ɡwəˈrɑːnə/ from the Portuguese guaraná [ɡwaɾɐˈna]), Paullinia cupana, syns. P. crysan, P. sorbilis) is a climbing plant in the family Sapindaceae, native to the Amazon basin and especially common in Brazil. Guaraná has large leaves and clusters of flowers and is best known for the seeds from its fruit, which are about the size of a coffee bean.
As a dietary supplement or herb, guaraná seed is an effective stimulant: it contains about twice the concentration of caffeine found in coffee beans (about 2–8% caffeine in guarana seeds, compared to about 1–3% for coffee beans). The additive has gained notoriety for being used in energy drinks. As with other plants producing caffeine, the high concentration of caffeine is a defensive toxin that repels herbivores from the berry and its seeds.
The colour of the fruit ranges from brown to red and it contains black seeds that are partly covered by white arils. The colour contrast when the fruit is split open has been compared with the appearance of eyeballs and has become the basis of an origin myth among the Sateré-Mawé people.
English
Wikispecies
Etymology
From Portuguese guaraná, from Guaraní guara-ná, from Sateré-Mawé warana.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡwəˈɹɑːnə/
Noun
guarana (plural guaranas)
- A tree, Paullinia cupana, native to Venezuela and northern Brazil.
- The fruit from this tree.
- An edible paste prepared from the seeds of the tree, formed into round or oblong cakes.
